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دراسة: استخدام الأطفال للهواتف قبل النوم قد “لا يضر”.. بشرط

كشفت دراسة حديثة نُشرت في دورية الجمعية الأكاديمية الأميركية لطب الأطفال، أن استخدام الأطفال للهواتف الذكية قبل النوم قد لا يكون ضاراً بجودة نومهم كما كان يُعتقد سابقاً، بشرط ألا يتم استخدام الهواتف وهم تحت الأغطية.

ووجدت الدراسة، التي أُجريت على أطفال تتراوح أعمارهم بين 11 و14 عاماً في نيوزيلندا، أن استخدام الهواتف في الساعتين قبل النوم لم يؤثر بشكل كبير على مدة النوم، بل تأخر وقت النوم والاستيقاظ فقط.

لكن الدراسة حذرت من أن استخدام الهواتف بشكل تفاعلي أثناء النوم، مثل الألعاب، ما قد يؤدي إلى تدهور جودة النوم.

وتأتي هذه النتائج لتلقي الضوء على أهمية تنظيم استخدام الهواتف، لا سيما في وقت النوم، وذلك لضمان صحة الأطفال الجسدية والنفسية.

وعلى الرغم من هذه النتائج، إلا أن الأكاديمية الأميركية لطب الأطفال لا تزال توصي بعدم استخدام الأطفال للشاشات في الساعة التي تسبق النوم، لضمان نومهم جيداً ولكن بالنسبة للآباء، قد يكون من المستحيل تقريباً الفوز بهذه المعركة.

تُعد مسألة استخدام الهواتف الذكية قبل النوم أحد المشاكل المألوفة في العديد من المنازل، إذ يجد الآباء صعوبة في إبعاد أطفالهم عن الشاشات في ساعات المساء، ففي العديد من الحالات، يكون وقت المساء هو الفرصة الوحيدة التي تتاح للأطفال للاسترخاء، ما يجعلهم متمسكين بهواتفهم بشدة.

وركزت الدراسة على كيفية تأثير استخدام الهواتف الذكية على نوم الأطفال في الساعتين ما قبل النوم، ووجدت أن الأطفال الذين استخدموا هواتفهم خلال هذا الوقت لم يعانوا من نقص في النوم؛ بقدر ما قاموا بتأخير وقت نومهم والاستيقاظ.

ولكن، عندما استخدم الأطفال هواتفهم وهم في السرير، تدهورت جودة نومهم بشكل كبير، خاصة إذا كانوا يستخدمون الهواتف بطرق تفاعلية مثل ممارسة الألعاب أو الرد على الرسائل. بينما كان استخدام الهواتف بشكل أقل تفاعلية، مثل مشاهدة مقاطع الفيديو أو الأفلام، أقل تأثيراً ولكنه لا يزال يؤثر على جودة النوم.

ووفقاً للأكاديمية الأميركية لطب الأطفال، فإن عدم الحصول على قسط كافٍ من النوم يزيد من خطر تعرض الأطفال للحوادث والإصابات، فضلاً عن زيادة خطر الإصابة بمشاكل صحية مثل الاكتئاب والسمنة، كما يرتبط الحرمان من النوم بمشكلات في التعلم والانتباه والسلوك.

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ينصح الخبراء بأن يقوم الآباء بأخذ هواتف أطفالهم قبل النوم وإعادتها إليهم في الصباح، وهو أمر يمكن أن يساعد في تقليل الوقت الذي يقضونه على الأجهزة الإلكترونية، ويعزز من جودة نومهم.

تجنب الخداع

لكن من المهم أن يتذكر الآباء أن اضطراب النوم ليس هو الخطر الوحيد الذي يواجه الأطفال عند استخدام الهواتف في الليل، ففي تلك الساعات، يمكن أن يكون الأطفال عرضة للتنمر الإلكتروني، أو الوقوع ضحية للخداع، أو حتى التواصل مع أشخاص مشبوهين عبر الإنترنت.

إلى جانب ضرورة الحرص على أن الهواتف لا تعيق النوم، يجب أن يضع الآباء قواعد واضحة لاستخدام الهواتف الذكية بما يتناسب مع حياتهم اليومية. من الممكن مثلاً أن يتم إلزام الأطفال بترك هواتفهم في المنزل عند الذهاب إلى المدرسة أو أثناء أداء الواجبات المنزلية، وكذلك إبعاد الهواتف عن طاولة الطعام لضمان الوقت العائلي.

وقد تكون هناك استثناءات في بعض الأحيان. في بعض الأسر، قد يكون الهاتف وسيلة للتواصل مع أفراد العائلة خلال العشاء، أو لمتابعة أمور مهمة تتعلق بالدراسة.

ومن الضروري أيضاً أن يتحدث الآباء مع أطفالهم عن المخاطر التي قد يواجهونها عبر الإنترنت، بما في ذلك التنمر الإلكتروني أو الوقوع ضحية لخداع المتربصين.

ويُمكن أن يكون الحديث مع الأطفال بشأن كيفية استخدام الهواتف الذكية بشكل آمن ومناسب خطوة مهمة لتجنب المشكلات. إذ يجب أن يتعلم الأطفال عدم مشاركة الصور أو المعلومات الشخصية عبر الإنترنت، لأن هذه المحتويات قد تستخدم لاحقاً لابتزازهم، ومن الضروري أيضاً أن يتعلموا أن بعض الحسابات قد تكون زائفة، وتخفي خلفها أشخاصاً يهدفون للإضرار بهم.

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